苏北地区粳稻生产中化学品投入普遍过量的原因及减投方案

通过调查发现,苏北地区粳稻生产中普遍存在化学品过量施用的现象,分析了其原因并提出了针对性减肥减药技术方案。方案主要包括：⑴选用适宜品种;⑵培育长秧龄壮秧、普施“出嫁药肥”;⑶麦秸全量还田;⑷浅耕地且防基肥渗漏;⑸抢早扩行移栽;⑹通气式灌溉、高质量搁田;⑺分蘖肥减量增效、施足穗肥;⑻综合防控。采用此减投技术,在化学品投入下降28%~42%的情况下,还能保障苏北地区粳稻成穗量充足、群体质量优良、病虫草害得到有效防控,进而实现“化投大降、产量不减、防效不降、安全高质”。     

水稻两段栽培技术在浉河区生产上的应用成效

介绍了水稻两段栽培技术的原理和方法,以及信阳市浉河区推广水稻两段栽培技术在减肥控氮、节本增效等方面取得的主要成效和主要做法。     

甜玉米‘闽甜208’的生育特性与群体结构分析

多年生育特性观测表明,‘闽甜208’甜玉米春播采青生育期86-90d,秋播采青生育期73-76d,生育动态呈现苗期弱,中间旺长稳定期短,后期早衰快的生育特性,栽培上要注重精细播种,各项田间管理要及时到位。群体结构试验表明,‘闽甜208’叶面积系数（LAI）及叶片净同率（NAR）较高,峰值持续时间较长,大喇叭口至抽雄期LAI对NAR影响最大,通过密植保证一定的总粒数,增加抽雄后群体叶面积及干物质积累,提高成粒率,是高产的关键措施,适宜种植密度为4.95万-5.40万株·hm-2。     

中国草地固碳减排研究现状及其建议

随着经济的快速发展,温室气体的排放量不断增加,加之人类对自然资源的利用强度逐渐增加,导致全球生态系统的固碳能力减弱,大气中的温室气体浓度达到新高,所造成的温室效应已经成为国际社会普遍关注的重大全球性问题。中国草地碳汇资源得天独厚,发展草原碳汇经济成为履行国际承诺、打造碳汇新经济、建设美丽中国的重要载体。综述中国草地固碳减排现状及其影响因素,包括草地碳汇和家畜生产减排研究、气候变化背景下的草地碳汇、人工草地建设等方面,并提出中国草地固碳减排发展建议,以期为中国实现碳达峰、碳中和及草地固碳减排的贡献提供理论基础,为推动我国社会高质量发展、创造高品质生活提供坚实的技术支撑。     

DISPERSAL PATTERN OF INJECTATE FOLLOWING CT‐GUIDED PERINEURAL INFILTRATION IN THE CANINE THORACOLUMBAR SPINE: A CADAVER STUDY

An increasing proportion of canine patients are presented with chronic thoracolumbar back pain and without compressive spinal lesions. In humans, spinal perineural infiltrations have been reported to have a favorable effect on pain control. The purpose of this prospective cadaver study was to describe the dispersal pattern of injectate following CT‐guided spinal perineural infiltration in the canine thoracolumbar region. Seven fresh canine cadavers were first scanned using multislice CT and then CT‐guided spinal perineural infiltration was performed at 42 sites from T13/L1 to L6/L7. The injectate for each site was a mixture of new methylene blue and iodinated contrast medium. Immediately following CT‐guided injection, cadavers were frozen, cut, and dissected macro‐ and mesoscopically (using a magnifying glass) to identify anatomic structures that were infiltrated. In the majority of sites (64.3%), complete epidural and hypaxial staining of spinal nerve components (including the spinal ganglion, trunk, and ventral branch) was successfully achieved. However, no (11.9%) or unpredictable staining (9.5%) of nervous tissue occurred in some sites despite careful CT guidance and the application of relatively large volumes of injectate. Optimal results were achieved when the needle tip was positioned periforaminally ventral to the cranial contour of the cranial articular process. Findings from this ex vivo study indicated that CT‐guided spinal perineural infiltration is feasible for testing in the canine thoracolumbar region and that successful nerve tissue infiltration would likely occur in the majority of sites. Future in vivo studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this technique.     

Bats as the main prey of wintering long‐eared owl (Asio otus) in Beijing: Integrating biodiversity protection and urban management

The loss of biodiversity from urbanized areas is a major environmental problem challenging policy‐makers throughout the world. Solutions to this problem are urgently required in China. We carried out a case study of wintering long‐eared owls (Asio otus) and their main prey to illustrate the negative effects of urbanization combined with ineffective conservation of biodiversity in Beijing. Field monitoring of owl numbers at two roosting sites from 2004 to 2012 showed that the owl population had fallen rapidly in metropolitan Beijing. Analysis of pellet contents identified only seven individuals of two species of shrew. The majority of mammalian prey comprised four bat and seven rodent species, making up 29.3% and 29.5% of the prey items, respectively. Prey composition varied significantly among years at the two sample sites. At the urban site the consumption of bats and rodents declined gradually over time, while predation on birds increased. In contrast, at the suburban site the prey composition showed an overall decrease in the number of bats, a sharp increase and a subsequent decrease in bird prey, and the number of rodent prey fell to a low point. Rapid development of real estate and inadequate greenfield management in city parks resulted in negative effects on the bird and small mammal habitat of urban areas in Beijing. We suggest that measures to conserve biodiversity should be integrated into future urban planning to maintain China's rich biodiversity while also achieving sustainable economic development.     

阜平表壳岩的地质特征

依据野外调查资料和室内化学分析，组建了阜平表壳岩的填图单元，单元分为阜平表壳岩上部和阜平表壳岩下部岩石。上部岩石原岩为沉积岩，属角闪岩相，无紫苏辉石，具有变余沉积层理和韵律构造，塑性变形差，从下到上可见片麻岩、浅粒岩、大理岩、斜长角闪岩的大韵律，角闪岩中还见小韵律；上部表壳岩的斜长角闪岩中SiO2、CaO、Mg0的含量均高于下部1％左右。下部岩石原岩为火山岩，见变余火山杏仁状构造和枕状构造，为麻粒岩相，含紫苏辉石，塑性变形强烈，原岩构造保留较少。上下岩石无直接接触关系，从下部岩石中测得Rb-Sr全岩同位素年龄为2700～2900Ma，属太古代岩石。     

濒危植物穗花杉生物学、生物普特性研究

穗花杉是第三纪残遗、濒危物种,曾广布于欧亚大陆,现仅间断分布于我国南方中山地带,地跨北热带、亚热带和温带.以湖南绥宁县神坡山和江华县大锡乡穗花杉林为重点,对国内主要分布区进行了调查,对穗花杉的分类,生物学与生态学特性,地理分布,群落特征与演替规律,繁殖与保护利用等进行了深入的研究,认为将其置于红豆杉科,并单独将穗花杉属成立一个族较为恰当.该树生长缓慢,结种量少,雌树少、雄树多,对生境要求严格,所以种群数量少,一般呈零星分布状态.采用在半自然生境育苗和种植的方式进行适地保护,简单、经济、效果好.     

噪声环境下木材纹理分类的研究

为了实现木材分类识别的自动化,应用灰度共生矩阵建立了木材纹理的参数体系,并进行了分类研究。首先在无噪声的环境下提取了木材的共生矩阵纹理原始特征参数,并对其进行特征选择,进而建立了木材纹理参数体系。对该参数体系进行噪声适应性测试的实验结果表明,无噪声情况下样本识别率为87.50%;0.2%￣1.0%椒盐噪声环境下样本识别率范围为87.00%￣88.00%。表明该参数体系具有良好的抗击噪声能力和一定的工程实用价值。